Face angle dominance at impact
Across typical driver speeds, initial start direction is driven mostly by delivered face angle relative to target. Path still matters, but the face contributes the larger share of directional launch. If the ball starts right repeatedly, the first hypothesis is usually an open face, not a path-only issue.
Face-to-path relationship
Curvature is better modeled as a differential term. When the face is right of path, the spin axis tilts one way; when face is left of path, it tilts the other. That is why two swings can share similar start lines but bend differently downrange.
Why amateurs misdiagnose curvature
Many players watch the final curve and infer a single swing flaw. The better approach is a two-step read: where it started, then how it bent. Without separating those two observations, equipment changes can solve the wrong variable and increase uncertainty.
What equipment can and cannot fix
Equipment can influence closure timing, strike stability, and how often face delivery repeats under load. It cannot reliably override a large path error created by mechanics. Use fit to narrow dispersion around your current pattern, then improve motion if directional bias is still excessive.